Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.

Civilization, like (A), fall, not so much because of (B) of the enemy outside, as through the weakness and (C) within, Rome fell not because of the (D), they merely knocked (E) something that was already dead. The heart of Rome had ceased beating when the arms and legs were cut rotated. We see something of this spectacle, in India and China and in the case of the Arabs. The downfall of Arabian civilization was sudden even as their rise had been. In India and China the process is long drawn out and it is not easy to spot it.

(C)

Directions: In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of a sentence has an error. The number of that part is your answer. Your answer is (4) i.e. No error.

Our efforts are (1)/ aimed to bring about (2)/ a reconciliation. (3)/ No error (4).

Select the most appropriate word for the given group of words.

Two lengths of rope, wood or metal with crosspieces used for climbing up and down walls

Provide one word substitution for the following expression.
 'One who does not make mistakes.'

Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the given sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select 'No improvement required'.
I am trying to finding an investor from abroad.

India and 25 other countries agreed to the Copenhagen Accord even as other developing countries accepted it as an irreversible decision later. The Accord came out of__(a)___ bargaining lasting almost 20 hours among ___(b)___ of governments of some of the most__(c)__ countries of the world. At the__(d)__of the day on Saturday, India___(e)__ to have given ground on some issues but blocked intrusion on other red lines. It had become evident within the first week of the talks that the best the emerging and praiseworthy economies of the developing world were going to do was to defend the existing economic resource sharing regimes.

Fill the blank at (e).

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.

The most logical and intelligent people seem to go berserk when talking about snakes. Recently a reputed scientist said with a wise look in his eyes that sand boas have two heads. The other day someone walked into my office and stated that in his village at least cobras mate with rat snakes. About other places he was not sure, he added modestly, but that was how it was in his village.

These stories about snakes are myths. Sand boas have only one head; vine snakes do not peck your eyes out; no snake will drink milk. But it is interesting to try and trace the origin of these untruths. The one about the sand boas two heads obviously exists because the short, stumpy tail of this snake looks remarkably like the head, an effective device to fool predators. Or take the one about vine snakes pecking at eyes. It was ‘probably started by a vine snake that had a bad aim, as snakes, when provoked, will bite the most prominent projection of the offender, which is usually the nose.

But the most interesting one is about snakes coming to the scene of killing to take revenge. It so happens that when injured or under stress, a snake exudes, a large quantity of musk. Musk is a powerful sex attractant, the snakes’ equivalent of after-shave lotion. So after a snake is killed, the ground around still has this smell and naturally a snake of the same species passing by will lick its lips and come to investigate. The killer of the snake, who is probably worried if the pooja he performed was adequate to liquidate the killing of a snake, sees the second snake and is convinced that it was not.

The Irula tribals have a good answer to the query about whether cobras have jewels in their heads; “If they did, we wouldn’t be snake catchers, we would be rajas!”

The phrase that it is not means

Select the most appropriate one-word substitution for the given group of words.

A person who is experiencing dementia brought about by old age