In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

The first human beings to control fire gradually learned (1)______ many uses. Not only did they (2)______ fire to keep warm and cook their food; they (3)______ learned to use it in hunting or warfare, to kill insects, to (4)______ berries, and to clear forests of underbrush so that game (5)______ be better seen and hunted. Eventually they learned that the burning of brush produced better grasslands and therefore more game.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.

BIND

Choose the word that means the same as the given word.

Corrective

Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
 If writers only dared to dare, a Suetonius or a Tacitus of the Novel could exist, for the Novel is (1) ______________ the history of manners, turned into a story and a play, as is History itself often enough. And there is no other (2) _____________ than this: that the one, the Novel, cloaks its manners (3) ______________ the disguise of invented characters, while the other, History, (4) _______________ names and addresses. Only, the Novel (5) ___________ much deeper than History.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been highlighted for your attention.

Most people spend (on average) half of their day tapping away at their hand-held devices. Either, surfing the net or checking notifications. Facebook ranks the highest in all social networking platforms, followed by Twitter, Instagram and so forth.

Social media is addictive- which is why so many people are 'hooked'. Often referred to as Social networking addiction, this phrase is often used to describe someone who spends too much time on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other channels. A blog post, Instagram post, tweet, or youtube video can be produced easily by anyone and shared, which can then be viewed by millions for free. Psychologists and scientists have now taken the time to study social media in terms of why they believe it interferes with aspects of our daily life. There is no official medical term that identifies addiction and social networking. It cannot be deemed as a disease or disorder as the cases are not severe and the habit can easily be maintained or prevented. Furthermore, instead of spending long periods of time on social media, we dip into and out of these sites all day long. We check for updates from friends and family as well as news and information. However, the behavior associated with the excessive use of these channels has become the subject of much public and sociological debate. We actively post, like, comment and share personal posts. Not only that, we tend to share and reshare expressions (of either negative or positive) contagiously. But, why?

Scientists believed some years ago that, dopamine was simply a pleasure chemical in the brain. Recent studies have shown that; dopamine actually produces the desire in people to 'want' by drawing out the need for us to -seek and search. Creating the ultimate drive to find what is that what we want.

Dopamine is spontaneous. It’s stimulated by unpredictability and small bits of information as well as reward cues which are the same conditions that social media presents to all users. In addition, the pull of dopamine is so strong that recent studies have shown that tweeting, for example, can be harder to resist than cigarettes and alcohol!

Researchers at Chicago University studied the effects of social media. They concluded quite quickly that people presented higher levels of addiction to social media than the need to smoke or drink. Media cravings ranked higher.

And, let’s not forget oxytocin, many call it the cuddle chemical because the brain releases pleasure chemicals that transpire usually when you kiss and hug- or tweet. It is also known as the hormone that builds the strong yet unique bond between mothers and their babies. Oxytocin is now regarded as the human stimulant of empathy, generosity, trust, and more. These are factors which many advertisers and marketers play on when promoting a brand or business over social media.

Nevertheless, problems have arisen most commonly with school kids - whereby mobile phone devices have been confiscated because exam results have fallen severely due to lack of attention on homework or studies. Schools in many westernized countries have had to take drastic action - banning smartphones, iPad and most portable devices from school premises- as it is claimed to be a huge distraction. Whereas, other schools use it for educational purposes and as a rewards system for their pupils.

Research has also indicated unsurprisingly that Facebook is the most common activity that university students switch to, when studying. Worryingly, it has also found that those who most engage in this type of internet browsing tend to have lower levels of educational achievement.

Also, there have been many cases of students posting or sharing content that is unethical, which has caused parents and academic institutions to limit the use of these online networking channels.

Why is Oxytocin regarded as the cuddle chemical?

Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. One of them may contain an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options. If you don’t find any error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

 The thing about anger is that it can either been a helpful emotion or a discouraging one. 

Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
 Ants, like most insects, have (1) ______ are known as compound eyes. This means their eyes have multiple lenses, (2) ______ in general, most species of ant do not have particularly great eyes for seeing (3) ______ far. Ants can detect movement and see the areas around them, but (4) ______ more on senses and information they get from their legs and antennae (5) ______ from their eyes.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Select the most appropriate word which means the same as the group of words given.
 Stop something from burning