Answer: A) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus Explanation: Living organisms often contain trace amounts of several elements, but the most abundant ones are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, sulphur and phosphorus.

"रेड डाटा पुस्तक" उन दुर्लभ पौधों, प्राणियों, कवकों और अन्य जीवों की सूची है जिन्हें अधिकतम नस्लों की खतरे की आशंका होती है। इसमें इन प्रजातियों के स्थिति, पैले, और उनके संरक्षण के लिए आवश्यक जानकारी शामिल होती है। रेड डाटा पुस्तक के माध्यम से इन जीवों की संरक्षण की आवश्यकताओं को समझा जाता है और उनकी सुरक्षा के लिए आवश्यक कदमों की योजना की जाती है।

Answer: D) Covalent- network Explanation: Graphite is a covalent-network type of crystalline solid.   There are two main categories of solids. 1. Crystalline solids and 2. Amorphous solids. Crystalline solids are those in which the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid exist in a regular, well-defined arrangement. There are four types of crystalline solids : Ionic solids :— Made up of positive and negative ions and held together by electrostatic attractions. They’re characterized by very high melting points and brittleness and are poor conductors in the solid state. An example of an ionic solid is table salt, NaCl. Molecular solids :— Made up of atoms or molecules held together by London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, or hydrogen bonds. Characterized by low melting points and flexibility and are poor conductors. An example of a molecular solid is sucrose. Covalent-network (also called atomic) solids :— Made up of atoms connected by covalent bonds; the intermolecular forces are covalent bonds as well. Characterized as being very hard with very high melting points and being poor conductors. Examples of this type of solid are diamond and graphite, and the fullerenes. As you can see below, graphite has only 2-D hexagonal structure and therefore is not hard like diamond. The sheets of graphite are held together by only weak London forces! Metallic solids :— Made up of metal atoms that are held together by metallic bonds. Characterized by high melting points, can range from soft and malleable to very hard, and are good conductors of electricity.