किसी अर्थव्यवस्था में "विकास चरण" का अर्थ है-

Directions (A-E) : In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
 The library, if used properly, is invaluable in helping you develop discernment. It is rich in information that goes far beyond the (A) of any one text book or course. If your text book author does not make a particular (B) clear and you feel the need (C) another description in greater detail or in other words, go to the library and check other books on the subject. By calling (D) two or three writers dealing with the same topic, you will find some (E) of certain facts. In seeking additional sources, you will have gained immeasurably, for you will have seen what several experts perceive as being particularly important on a common subject.

(C)

Instructions Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given it. Certain word/phrases have been printed in ‘’bold’’ to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.

India is rushing headlong towards economic success and modernisation, counting on high-tech industries such as information technology and biotechnology to propel the nation to prosperity. India’s recent announcement that it would no longer produce unlicensed inexpensive generic pharmaceuticals bowed to the realities of the World Trade Organisation while at the same time challenging the domestic drug industry to compete with the multinational firms. Unfortunately, its weak higher education sector constitutes the Achilles’ heel.

of this strategy. Its systematic disinvestment in higher education in recent years has yield neither world-class research nor very many highly trained scholars, scientists or managers to sustain high-tech development. India’s main competitor especially China buts also Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea are investing in large and ‘’differentiated’’ higher education systems. They are providing access to large number of students at the bottom of the academic system while at the same time building some research-based universities that are able to compete with the world’s best institutions. The recent London Times Higher Education Supplement ranking of the world’s top 200 universities included three in China, three in Hong Kong three in South Korea. one in Taiwan, and one in India. These countries are positioning themselves for leadership in the knowledge based economies for coming era. There was a time when countries could achieve economic success with cheap labour and low-tech manufacturing. Low wages still help, but contemporary large-scale development requires a sophisticated and at least partly knowledge based economy. India has chosen that path, but will find a major stumbling block in its universities system. India has significant advantages in the 21st century knowledge race. It has a large higher education sector --- the third largest in the world in student numbers, after China and the United States. It uses English as a primary language of higher education and research. It has a long academic tradition. Academic freedom is respected. There are a small number of highly quality institutions, departments, and centres that can form the basis of quality sector in higher education. The fact that the States, rather than the Central Government, exercise major responsibility for higher education creates a rather cumbersome structure, but the system allows for a variety of policies and approaches. Yet the weakness far outweigh the strengths. India educates approximately 10 per cent of its young people in higher education compared with more than half in the major industrialised countries and 15 per cent in China. Almost all of the world’s academic systems resemble a pyramid, with a small high quality tier at the top and a massive sector at the bottom. India has a tiny top tier. None of its universities occupies a solid position at the top. A few of the best universities have some excellent departments and centres and there are a small number of outstanding undergraduate colleges. The university Grants Commission’s recent major support of five universities to build on their recognised strength is a step toward recognising a differentiated academic system and fostering excellence. These universities, combined, enroll well under 1 percent of the student population. 

Which of the following , according to the passage, is/are needed for economic success of a country?

A. Cheap labour

B. Educated employees

C. Research institutions to cater to development

“किसी चालक के सिरों के बीच विभवान्तर उसमें बहने वाली धारा के समानुपाती होता है।'' यह नियम है ?

निर्देश- ये प्रश्न निम्न जानकारियों पर आधारित है।

नौ व्यक्ति J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q तथा R एक वृत्ताकार मेज़ के चारो और बैठे है(कुछ व्यक्ति केंद्र की ओर उन्मुख हैं एवं कुछ बाहर की ओर उन्मुख हैं)O, J के दाई ओर से दूसरे स्थान पर बैठा है, जो कि ना तो P और नही   K के निकट्तम बैठा है। L, P तथा K दोनों के दाई ओर से दूसरे  स्थान पर बैठता है और केन्द्र की दूसरी तरफ उन्मुख है। M, Q के बाई ओर से तीसरे स्थान पर बैठता है, जो O के निकट्तम नहीं बैठता है। N ना तो J और ना ही K के निकट्तम बैठता है। R केन्द्र की ओर उन्मुख है तथा O के पड़ोसी भी उसी दिशा में उन्मुख है। M के पड़ोसी अलग-अलग दिशाओं में उन्मुख है। R तथा M अलग-अलग दिशाओं में उन्मुख है।

निम्न पाँच में से चार समान रूप से निश्चित ओर है तथा इसलिए एक समूह बनाते है। उस एक को ज्ञात करो जो इस समूह में नहीं है।

भारतीय सेना ने हाल ही में 'लद्दाख इग्नाइटेड माइंड्स' परियोजना के लिए ________ और _______ के साथ समझौता ज्ञापन पर हस्ताक्षर किए।

निर्देश  : निम्न जानकारी का सावधानीपूर्वक अध्ययन करें एवं दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें ।
 

A , B , C , D , E , F , G तथा H एक वर्गाकार क्षेत्र के चारो ओर प्रत्येक एक दूसरे से बराबर दूरी पर बैठे है , लेकिन जरूरी नहीं है इसी क्रम में । कुछ व्यक्ति का मुख केन्द्र की ओर है जबकि कुछ का मुख बाहर ही ओर है ( अर्थात , केन्द्र से विपरीत ) । B , E के दाएं से तीसरा बैठा है । E का मुख बाहर की ओर है । B तथा F के बीच केवल एक व्यक्ति बैठा है । F के ठीक दोनों पड़ोसियों का मुख बाहर की ओर है । G तथा H के बीच केवल तीन व्यक्ति बैठे हैं । G , B का ठीक पड़ोसी नहीं है । D के ठीक दोनों पड़ोसियों का मुख केन्द्र की ओर है । D , G का ठीक पड़ोसी नहीं है । C के ठीक दोनों पड़ोसियों का मुख केन्द्र की ओर है । E के ठीक दोनों पड़ोसियों का मुख , G के विपरीत है । ( अर्थात , यदि G का मुख केन्द्र की ओर है , तो E के ठीक दोनों पड़ोसियों का मुख बाहर की ओर होगा एवं इसी प्रकार )

दिए गए बैठक व्यवस्था के आधार पर A के बारे में क्या सत्य है?  

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain parts are given in bold to answer some of the questions based on the passage.
 Sometimes to upend entrenched power structures, a revolution is required. Naming and shaming powerful men in the #Metoo campaign is in many ways a revolutionary act. The truth about most was known, spoken in whispers, but not to their face. But now that omerta has been broken by some intrepid women , there’s a palpable sense of power and possibility. 

Revolutions are by definition anarchic, as they are aimed against those who make and enforce the rules. So it has been with #MeToo. Men are named, sometimes anonymously, and the naming itself requires punitive action to be taken against them. There isn’t really any room for discussion on context or degree of culpability. Some have raised questions about due process, and the response has been, somewhat reasonably, that due process has failed. And it is true, arguing for due process when due process has failed feels a bit like batting for status quo. So let it be said, #MeToo despite its limitations is unreservedly a good development. However, the question is, what next? The #MeToo movement is more than just outing powerful men, it is about shifting the balance of power between men and women, transferring the punitive aspects — shame, denial of work opportunities — from the victim to the perpetrator. It is about ending impunity embedded in our social construct by shaping new social mores. This is and has to be a collective effort, and it is important for the #MeToo movement to have these discussions.

Let the burden of shame now be shifted to where it is supposed to- the perpetrators and not the women; the victims. It’s the woman who has to hide from the world. And by and large, due to this very fact prevailing in Indian society that many women ultimately choose to leave their jobs, or seek employment elsewhere, when they confront inappropriate behaviour from their colleagues.

Another very important aspect which should be taken care of is that of equality, where there’s no inhibitions, no sense of caution. Women need healthy camaraderie in place of needless caution. Respect, not condescension. They would like colleagues to engage with them, not be patronising. And the fact that they are still having to demand these is telling.

Which of the following options does the author suggests while talking about transferring the punitive aspects ?