Read the passage carefully and give the answer of following questions.
A glass bottle that is sent to a landfill can take up to a million years to break down. By contrast, it takes as little as 30 days for a recycled glass bottle to leave your kitchen recycling bin and appear on a store shelf as a new glass container. Glass container are 100 percent recyclable, which means they can be recyclable repeatedly, again and again, with no loss of purify or quality in the glass. Recovered glass from glass recycling is the primary ingredient in all new glass containers. A typical glass container is made of as much as 70 percent recycled glass. According to industry estimates, 80 percent of all recycled glass eventually ends up as new glass containers. Every ton of glass that is recycled save more than a ton of the raw materials needed to create new glass, including 13,00 pounds of sand, 410 pounds of soda ash, and 380 pounds of limestone.
Because glass is made from natural materials such as sand and limestones, glass containers have a low rate of chemical interaction with their contents. As a result, glass can be safety reused.
Besides serving as the primary ingredient in new glass containers, recycled glass also has many other commercial uses-from creating decorative tiles and landscaping materials to rebuilding eroded beaches.

The materials used for making glass is_

You have eight brief passages with 10 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives 

Time was when people looked heavenward and prayed, “Ye Gods, give us rain, keep drought away.” Today there are those who pray. “Give us rain, keep El Nino away.” 

El Nino and its atmospheric equivalent, called the Southern Oscillation, are together referred to as ENSO, and are household words today. Meteorologists recognize it as often being responsible for natural disaster worldwide. But this wisdom dawned only after countries suffered, first from the lack of knowledge, and then from the lack of coordination between policy making and the advances in scientific knowledge. 

Put simply, El Nino is a weather event restricted to certain tropical shores, especially the Peruvian coast. The event has diametrically opposite impacts on the land and sea. The Peruvian shore is a desert. But every few years, an unusually warm ocean current - El Nino - warms up the normally cold surface-waters off the Peruvian coast, causing very heavy rains in the early half of the year, 

And then, miraculously, the desert is matted green. Crops like cotton, coconuts and banana grow on the otherwise stubbornly barren land. These are the Peruvians’ anos de abundencia or years of abundance. The current had come to be termed El Nino, or the Christ Child because it usually appears as an enhancement if a mildly warm current that normally occurs here around every Christmas. 

But this boon on land is accompanied by oceanic disasters. Normally, the waters off the South American coast are among the most productive in the world because of a constant upwelling of nutrient rich cold waters from the ocean depths. During an El Nino, however waters are stirred up only from near the surface. The nutrient-crunch pushes down primary production, disrupting the food chain. Many marine species, including anchoveta (anchovies) temporarily disappear. 

This is just one damning effect of El Nino. Over the years its full impact has been studied and what the Peruvians once regarded as manna, is now seen as a major threat. 

The years of abundance is when  

Instructions :In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each number.

Comprehension:

I would uncover the story that lay (1) ______ between the lines of the men’s exploits. Better still, I (2) ______ one of them tell it herself, with all her joys and doubts, her struggles and her triumphs, her heartbreaks, her achievements, the unique female way (3) ______ which she sees her world and her place in it. And who could be (4) ______ for this than Panchaali? It is her life, her voice, her questions, and her vision that I invite you (5) ______ 'The Palace of Illusions'.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank No. 5.

The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.
He has been / excused by the teacher / by the time a formal complaint / for bullying was made.

In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer to each question out of the four alternatives and fill in the blank.

The Solar System has been a complicated wonder for the astronomers. This is a__(21)__to which we may never have the exact answer. Man has wondered__(22)__the age of the Earth__(23)__ ancient times. There were all kinds of__(24)____that seemed to have the___(25)___But man could not begin to think about the question scientifically until about 400 years ago when it was proved that the Earth revolved round the Sun and the Earth was a part of our Solar System, then scientists knew where to begin. 

Fill at the option (21).

Read the following passage carefully and give the answer of following questions.

The problem of water pollution by pesticides can be understood only in context, as part of the whole to which it belongs – the pollution of the total environment of mankind. The pollution entering our waterways comes from many sources, radioactive wastes from reactors, laboratories and hospitals; fallout from nuclear explosions; domestic wastes from cities and towns; chemical wastes from factories. To these is a added a new kid of fallout - the chemical sprays applied to crop lands and gardens, forests and fields. Many of the chemical agents in this alarming melange initiate and augment the harmful effects of radiation, and within the groups of chemicals themselves there are sinister and little - understood interactions, transformations and summations of effect.

Ever since the chemists began to manufacture substances that nature never invented, the problem of water purification have become complex and the danger to users of water has increased. As we have seen, the production of these synthetic chemicals in large volume began in the 1940’s. It has now reached such proportion that an appalling deluge of chemical pollution is daily poured into the nation’s waterways. When inextricably mixed with domestic and other wastes discharged into the same water, these chemicals sometimes defy detection by the methods in ordinary use by purification plants. Most of them are so complex that they cannot be identified. In rivers, a really incredible variety of pollutants combine to produce deposits that sanitary engineers can only despairingly refer to as “gunk”.

Water pollution can only be understand:

Which one of the following words begins (Underlined) with a different sound?

Directions : In each of the following questions, some part of the sentence may have errors. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. If a sentence is free from error, select No error

Mother-in-laws (1)/ are (2) / a nuisance.(3) / No error (4)